Contextual inquiry uses a list of topics or concerns as a focus, rather than a formal script or questionnaire, to provide both rich and highly accurate data. These topics of concern usually emerge from current user feedback. Contextual inquiry acknowledges that the user is the expert in his/her work, and he or she plays the lead role in the conversation, while the usability specialist listens and probes with follow-on questions. Such a dialog enables the usability specialist to clarify details and avoid misunderstandings about what users do and why.

Because contextual inquiries involve conversation as well as observation, contextual inquiries require a high degree of skill from the usability specialists, in order to ask appropriate questions without interrupting the participants' work flow or influencing their responses. Therefore, We usually provides two usability specialists for a contextual inquiry project, one to conduct the interviews and observe participant behavior, and one to observe and record participant behavior.

We normally spends from 90 minutes to two hours with each contextual inquiry participant. Summarizing the interviews and compiling the qualitative data is much more time-consuming than tabulating data from more structured interviews. Thus, contextual inquiry projects often involve fewer participants than other methods, and we must be especially careful to choose representative ones.

现场研究和上下文询问

上下文询问是指可用性专家基于人们的实际工作条件状况观察人们通常执行工作任务的现场研究方法。可用性专家观察持续的经验和收集具体数据、不是用户的的经验总结或记忆。通过在督导和用户之间的对话, 我们通常在早期用来辨认鉴别可用性问题。

上 下文询问使用题目或关心名单作为焦点, 而不是一张正式剧本或问卷, 提供丰富的高度准确数据。关心这些题目从当前的用户反馈通常涌现。上下文询问承认, 用户是他们/她们的工作领域的专家, 并且他或她们是交谈的主角, 当可用性专家听和探查以第二代产品问题。这样对话使可用性专家便于澄清细节和避免误解关于用户怎么做并且为什么。

由于上下文询问介入交谈并且观察, 上下文询问要求可用性专家有高度的询问技巧, 为了问适当的问题没有中断参加者的工作流程或影响他们的反应。所以, 我们通常上下文询问项目, 那个举办采访和观察参加者行为, 和一个通常提供二名实用性专家观察和记录参加者行为。

我们通常度过从90 分钟到二个小时与各个上下文询问参加者。总结采访和编写定性数据比制成表数据费时从被构造的采访。因而, 上下文询问项目比其它方法经常涉及少的参加者, 并且我们必须特别小心选择代表一个。

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